{"id":8163,"date":"2024-10-18T22:01:21","date_gmt":"2024-10-18T18:31:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mayanex.ir\/?p=8163"},"modified":"2025-02-02T00:29:20","modified_gmt":"2025-02-01T20:59:20","slug":"the-effect-of-plant-feed-additives-on-livestock-and-poultry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mayanex.ir\/coopal\/en\/the-effect-of-plant-feed-additives-on-livestock-and-poultry\/","title":{"rendered":"The effect of plant feed additives on livestock and poultry"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

The harmful effects of some synthetic feed additives on livestock and consumer health and the exorbitant prices of commercial premixes (Adegbenro, 2015) and antimicrobial growth promoters have been reduced. (AGPs). Hence, these cases have led to the promotion of plant feed additives (PFAs) in poultry diets because they are economical and have no residual effects on humans when properly consumed. Therefore, the focus of this review article is on the effectiveness of plant feed additives in poultry production. Advantages of plant feed additives In general, plant feed additives contribute to the nutritional needs of animals, as some of them are suitable alternatives to poultry premixes and act as antibiotics. and antioxidants in vivo as well as in feed (Suganya et al., 2016). Some of the benefits of PFAs include: Antioxidative functions of plant feed additives The antioxidant properties of PFAs in feed as well as poultry products cannot be overemphasized. It delays and prevents the oxidation of lipids, reduces or minimizes the acidity of feed, delays the formation of toxic oxidation products and helps maintain the nutritional quality of the feed (Muanda et al. ., 2011). Several researchers have reported the antioxidant properties of herbs and spices such as mint, thyme, and oregano. The antioxidant activities of peppermint are attributed to the presence of phenolic terpenes and large amounts of monoterpenes, thymol and thymol. Carvacrol in thyme and oregano (Rahim et al., 2011). The presence of sulfur compounds in garlic and onion has been reported not only to reduce lipid effects, but also to reduce the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins in poultry.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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Over the years, increasing concerns about the negative effect of antimicrobial growth promoters:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

(Anti-microbial growth promoters)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

It has initiated research on the use of plant feed additives in poultry production to ensure better bird performance as well as safety in the food chain. Herbal feed additives are compounds obtained from various types of plants, their parts, extracts and essences, which have effective substances and are of significant importance. Some of its functions include antimicrobial and antioxidant effects on poultry feed and carcasses, as well as enhancing feed flavor. Despite the beneficial effects of PFAs, several controversial issues have emerged regarding the appropriate dosage for use in poultry production. This may be due to the differences in edaphic and climatic effects on plants in different parts of the world and the stage of plant harvest, which makes it seemingly difficult to standardize the levels of inclusion of plant feed additives in poultry diets. However, it is clear that plant feed additives qualify as a better alternative to antimicrobial growth promoters because they are safe and environmentally friendly.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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A number of advantages of using plant additives to animal and poultry feed:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

1- Anti-oxidative function<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Antioxidative functions of plant feed additives The antioxidant properties of PFAs in feed as well as poultry products cannot be overemphasized. It delays and inhibits the oxidation of lipids. While reducing or minimizing the acidity of animal feed, it delays the formation of toxic oxidation products and helps maintain the nutritional quality of the feed (Mwanda et al., 2011). Several researchers have reported the antioxidant properties of herbs and spices such as mint, thyme, and oregano. The antioxidant activities of mint are attributed to the presence of phenolic terpenes and large amounts of monoterpenes, thymol and carvacrol in thyme and oregano (Rahim et al., 2011).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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Cropped shot of a herd of cows feeding on a dairy farm<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

2- Antimicrobial function<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Herbal additives are known for their antimicrobial effects against pathogens. The studies of Ayachi et al. (2009) showed the in vitro effect of some berry, date and thyme extracts on E. coli and Salmonella isolates from chicken. It was observed that thyme is effective against salmonella and also against fungi such as candida albicans due to the presence of active compounds: thymol and carvacrol. Likewise, walnut leaves (Juglandaceae) increased the growth of chickens and reduced the proliferation of Clostridium perfringens in them (Mathis et al., 2007). Hence, the combination of several chemically compatible PFAs makes it more effective against several types of pathogenic organisms.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

3- Appetizing and proper function in digestion<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Some PFAs improve the taste, palatability and acceptability of poultry feed, which helps to improve their performance. Many PFAs have beneficial effects on the gastrointestinal tract, such as antispasmodics and laxatives. Cinnamon, thyme and clove extracts stimulate the digestive production of bile, mucus, saliva and improve the activity of enzymes. Also, some oils extracted from plants have a positive effect on the activity of trypsin and amylase in chickens and have a stimulating effect on the intestinal mucosa of chickens to maintain the balance of the microbes in their intestines.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

4- Improving the productive performance of broiler chickens<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Plant additives significantly improve poultry production performance in terms of weight gain and feed conversion ratio. This improvement was attributed to higher nutrient availability due to changes in the gut ecosystem. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seed supplementation significantly improved the feed conversion ratio of broilers, which may be related to morphological changes in digestive tract tissues (Mamoun et al. 2014) during garlic (Allium sativum) administration. , thyme (Thymus vulgarus) and cornflower (Echinacea purpurea) as feed supplements exerted a wide range of beneficial effects on broiler production performance based on studies conducted by Onibi et al. 2009. The use of raw garlic supplement at the ratio of 5000 to 500 mg\/kg diet increased the weight of broiler chickens. In addition, the use of composite leaf powder (Moringa oleifera, Ocinum gratissimum, Manihot esculenta, Telfaria occidentalis and Vernonia amygdalina) as an alternative to commercial broiler premixes has been reported to improve broiler blood indices (Adegbenro et al. ., 2012). Broiler chickens given 10 grams of bitter leaf extract (Vernonia amygdalina) orally increased weight gain and body maintenance along with the antimicrobial properties of leaf extract compared to chickens given plain water and neocereal mixed water (AGP). (Osho et al., 2014)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

5- Improving egg production performance of laying birds with herbal feed and additives<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Several experiments were conducted on the effects of different plant additives on laying birds. It has been found that garlic (Allium sativa) has properties that increase egg production, reduce serum and yolk cholesterol and improve immune response in layers (Azeke and Ekpo, 2009). Similarly, composite leaf flour (Moringa oleifera, Ocinum gratissimum, Manihot esculenta, Telfaria occidentalis and Vernonia amygdalina) as reported by Adegbenro (2015) revealed that its use up to 5% acts as an appetite stimulant It facilitates a healthy life and increases height production. . Also, better weight gain, daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, better hen day egg production, egg weight, yolk width and good albumin height by Meri (2015) when birds were given 50 ml and 100 ml of water leaf mucilage. , was reported. Dietary supplementation of garlic powder caused positive differences in feed intake, feed efficiency and egg production over 12 weeks in birds (Kanogulari et al., 2010).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

6- The effect of herbal feed additives on the internal and external characteristics of eggs:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

PFAs are commonly used as dyes for egg yolks. The effect of 1 and 2% dietary supplement with chlorella biomass on the concentration of total and individual carotenoids in egg yolk studied by Kotrbacek et al. (2013) showed that there is a significant increase in the deposition of total carotenoids in egg yolk and thus its color characteristics. Also, the inclusion of tanacetum balsamita at 1.5 and 2% in the diet of laying hens has a positive and significant effect not only on egg yolk color, but also on overall production performance and blood parameters (lower level of triglyceride and cholesterol) layers (Nobukht and Moghadam, 2012). Adegbenro (2015) reported that leaf powder composed of five different leaf meals (Moringa oleifera, Ocinum gratissimum, Manihot esculenta, Telfaria occidentalis and Vernonia amygdalina) used to replace the diet of commercial Permian layers in the range of 2%-5% It helps to improve the color of the egg yolk and the palatability of the ration. In addition, he confirmed that the inclusion of compound leaf powder in layer diets was effective in reducing cholesterol in egg yolk, thereby acting as a potential.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

A hypocholesterolemic factor of yolk pH and low albumin was reported for eggs collected from laying birds fed composite leaf powder with pH between 7.0-9.0, 6.4 and 7.1-7.9 for egg white, egg yolk and whole egg, respectively.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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PFAs are natural products that have proven to be less toxic, residue-free, and seemingly ideal feed additives in poultry production and livestock production in general. Several beneficial effects of PFA on the quality of stored meat have been documented based on their antioxidant properties in terms of reducing lipid oxidation, microbiological safety and quality in raw or cooked meat storage through their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

functions (Onibi et al., 2009). The reduction of pathogens in the gut as well as the inhibition of pathogenic bacteria as a result of the potential accumulation of PFA active components in metabolic tissues promotes a healthy gut environment, which in turn helps reduce carcass contamination at slaughter (Puvaca et al., 2013). Therefore, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) considered the use of PFAs in animal feed to be one of the most effective ways to reduce food contamination and, as a result, the transmission of a number of food-borne diseases to humans.<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The harmful effects of some synthetic feed additives on livestock and consumer health and the exorbitant prices of commercial premixes (Adegbenro, 2015) and antimicrobial growth promoters have been reduced. (AGPs). Hence, these cases have led to the promotion of plant feed additives (PFAs) in poultry diets because they are economical and have no residual effects on humans when properly consumed. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":8156,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8163","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"\nThe effect of plant feed additives on livestock and poultry - \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u0633<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, nofollow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fa_IR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The effect of plant feed additives on livestock and poultry\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The harmful effects of some synthetic feed additives on livestock and consumer health and the exorbitant prices of commercial premixes (Adegbenro, 2015) and antimicrobial growth promoters have been reduced. 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